• pyserial – Comport
• matplotlib – Matlabliknande plotverktyg
• numpy – Matlabliknande matte
• pandas – Importera och exportera till olika filformat, ex CSV, tydligen också för att behandla data

Official reference

• Grundläggande datastrukturer i Python
• Grundläggande datastrukturer i NumPy
• Grundläggande datastrukturer i Pandas
• Grundläggande datastrukturer i Matplotlib
• Hur man läser syntaxguide i pythons dokumentation
• Hur man använder context managers
• Vad är generators, hur fungerar yield
• Vem fan kom på syntaxen mylist = [x*x for x in range(3)] och när kan den användas?
• ^ Verkar vara List comprehensions

empty_list = []
 
# Tuples are immutable, can contain different datatypes
empty_tuple = ()
populated_tuple = (1, 2, "Kalle", 4.32)
singleton_tuple = (3,)
print(populated_tuple[2]) # Prints Kalle
 
# Ranges are also immutable
r1 = range(0,20,2) # Start stop step
 
# Strings
single_str = 'Single quotes allows "double quotes" to be embedded'
double_str = "Single quotes allows 'single quotes' to be embedded"
triple_str = '''Can be initiated with either single or double quotes
                and can span multiple lines, including all whitespaces.'''
no_escape = r"This string doesn't escape where the \backslash character is encountered"
concatenation = 'Literals' " can be concatenated" ''' in this
way actually'''
 
 
# Dictionaries, keys must be hashable
>>> a = dict(one=1, two=2, three=3)
>>> b = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>> c = dict(zip(['one', 'two', 'three'], [1, 2, 3]))
>>> d = dict([('two', 2), ('one', 1), ('three', 3)])
>>> e = dict({'three': 3, 'one': 1, 'two': 2})
>>> a == b == c == d == e
True
>>> empty_dict = {}
 
my_dict = {'shit': 1337, 'man': 2021, 'dude':1991}
all_keys = list(my_dict)
leet = my_dict['shit']
 
# Dictionaries can be unpacked and used as arguments to a function
dude = {a: 4, b: 5}
function_that_takes_a_and_b(**dude)
 
# Set types must contain hashable objects. They are not ordered and cannot be indexed
>>> my_pants = {1, 2, 'shit', 'dude'}
>>> 'shit' in my_pants
True
 
# Byte objects are very similar to strings, but each character has a value 0-255
# They are created in the same way, but with the prefix 'b'
my_bytes = b'Yoman!'
ten_zero_bytes = bytes(10)
int_to_bytes = bytes([10])
int_to_bytes_again = bytes([10, 4, 21, 0, 255])
my_bytes = 'This is a string'.encode()
my_str = my_bytes.decode()
 
 
# Print formatted outputs
print("Id: {0}, value: {1:02X}\n".format(my_id, my_hex_value))
 
# Print without newline
print("No newline after this!", end='')

# Name mangling for double underscore and less than one trailing underscores
class Foo(object):
    yo = None     # => foo_object.yo
    _yo = None    # => foo_object._yo
    __yo = None   # => foo_object._Foo__yo
    __yo__ = None # => foo_object.__yo__
 
 
# To copy an object
import copy
inst2 = copy.copy(inst1)

import argparse
 
def parse_arguments():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Some description",epilog="Huh?")
 
    parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+', 
                         help='an integer for the accumulator')
 
    parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',
                         const=sum, default=max, help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')
 
    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true', help='Verbose mode')
 
    args = parser.parse_args()
    return args
 
 
def main():
    args = parse_arguments()
    if args.verbose:
        print(dir(args))
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Signals python documentation

import signal
 
def signal_handler_C_c(sig, frame):
    print('C-c detected, exiting..')
 
def main():
    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler_C_c)
 

https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html

Predefined exceptions

# Catch exceptions
a_list = ['yo', 'man']
try:
  print(a_list[3])
except IndexError:
  print("Index out of range! :(")
 
 
a_list = ['yo', 'man']
try:
  print(a_list[3])
except Exception as e:
  print("Ett fel har uppstått...")
  print(e)
  print(type(e))

# Raise exceptions:
raise ValueError("Passed array is not of the right shape")

Syntactic sugar based on functions that return function objects.

Good guide, much of the info here is stolen from this site.

# Given this function, which is called a decorator function
def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("I got decorated!")
        func()
    return wrapper
 
# Then one could write something like this
def boring():
    print("Normal function")
 
pimped_boring = my_decorator(boring)
pimped_boring()
 
# Or one could overwrite the boring function name
def boring():
    print("Normal function")
boring = my_decorator(boring)
 
# which is equivalent to write this short-cut syntax
@my_decorator
def boring():
    print("Normal function")

# Given the two decorators
def star(func):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print("*" * 30)
        func(*args, **kwargs)
        print("*" * 30)
    return inner
 
 
def percent(func):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print("%" * 30)
        func(*args, **kwargs)
        print("%" * 30)
    return inner
 
# Then 
@star
@percent
def printer(msg):
    print(msg)
 
# is equivalent to
def printer(msg):
    print(msg)
printer = star(percent(printer))

Explained at stackoverflow

class MyClass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._my_property_value = None # Placeholder variable, so getter function works
        self.my_property = 123 # Will call the proper setter function
 
    @property
    def my_property(self):
        return self._my_property_value
 
    @my_property.setter
    def my_property(self, value):
        if value < 0:
            self._my_property_value = -value * 10
        else:
            self._my_property_value = value/10
 
my_instance = MyClass()
my_instance.my_property = -30
print(my_instance.my_property) # Prints 300

Good site

tk reference

Archived tutorial from effbot.org